Brahmani River: Nature's Hidden Gem in Odisha(2023)

Table of Contents

The Brahmani River is a major river that flows through the Indian state of Odisha. It is one of the most significant rivers in the region, serving as a lifeline for millions of people, supporting agriculture, industry, and the rich biodiversity of the area. In this article, we will delve deeper into the various aspects of the Brahmani River, from its origin and historical significance to its economic importance and conservation efforts.

Basin Extent Longitude Latitude	83° 55’ to 87° 3’ E 20° 28’ to 23° 38’ N
Length of River (Km) Brahmani Baitarni	799 355
Catchment Area (Sq.km.)	51822
Average Water Resource Potential(MCM)	28480
Utilizable Surface Water Resource (MCM)	18300
Live Storage Capacity of Completed Projects (MCM)	5070.0
Live Storage Capacity of Projects Under Construction (MCM)	465.0
Total Live storage capacity of Projects (MCM)	5535.0
No. of Hydrological Observation Stations (CWC)	15
No. of Flood Forecasting Stations (CWC)	3

Brahmani River Map

The Origin and Route of Brahmani River

The Brahmani River is a major river in eastern India, located in the states of Odisha and Jharkhand.
The river originates from the confluence of the Sankh and South Koel rivers in southern Jharkhand state and meanders through the state, covering a distance of approximately 800 kilometers before it joins the Bay of Bengal near Dhamra.
The river flows through a diverse topography, including hills, plateaus, and plains.
It drains an area of 39,033 square kilometers, which includes the mineral-rich regions of Odisha and Jharkhand.
The river has several tributaries, including the Koel, Sankh, and South Karo Rivers.
It is one of the major rivers that flows into the Mahanadi River, which is the largest river system in Odisha.
The river flows through several important cities and towns, including Rourkela, Talcher, and Dhenkanal.
The River is an important transportation route for the people living in the region, and several bridges have been constructed across the river to facilitate movement.
The river basin is rich in mineral resources, including iron ore, coal, and bauxite.

Brahmani River Tributaries

The Brahmani River, one of the major rivers in eastern India, has several tributaries on its left and right banks.

Tributaries on the Left Bank

1. Sankh River

The Sankh River is a major tributary of the Brahmani River, which originates in the Saraikela-Kharsawan district of Jharkhand. It flows for about 155 kilometers and joins the Brahmani near Rourkela in Odisha.

2. Koel River

The Koel River is another important tributary, that originates in Jharkhand and flows through the districts of Simdega and Gumla. It joins the Brahmani River near Panposh in Odisha.

3. South Karo River

The South Karo River is a small tributary of the Brahmani River, which originates in the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha. It joins the River near Kalinganagar.

Tributaries on the Right Bank

1. Baitarani River

The Baitarani River is a major tributary of the Brahmani River, which originates in the Keonjhar district of Odisha. It flows for about 360 kilometers and joins the Brahmani River near Dhamra.

2. Salandi River

The Salandi River is another important tributary of the Brahmani River, which originates in the Balasore district of Odisha. It flows for about 150 kilometers and joins the Brahmani near Rajghat in Odisha.

3. Gangadhar River

The Gangadhar River is a small tributary, that originates in the Kendujhar district of Odisha. It joins the Brahmani River near Ghantikhal.

Brahmani Basin

1. The drainage area of Brahmani Basin

Sl.No.	Name of State	Drainage area (sq. km.)
1.	Jharkhand	15,769
2.	Orissa	22,364
3.	Chhattisgarh	900
	Total	39,033

2. Catchment area distribution

Sl.No.	Name of State	Catchment Area (sq.km)	Percentage of total
1.	Jharkhand	736	6.7
2.	Orissa	10,246	93.3
	Total	10,982	100

Dams on the Brahmani River

1. Rengali Dam

The Rengali Dam is located in the Angul district of Odisha. It was built in 1985 and has a height of 47 meters and a length of 4.8 kilometers. The dam is primarily used for irrigation purposes.

2. Mandira Dam

The Mandira Dam is another important dam built on the Brahmani in the Sambalpur district of Odisha. It was constructed in 1957 and has a height of 45 meters and a length of 1.6 kilometers. The dam is mainly used for irrigation purposes.

3. Pitamahal Dam

The Pitamahal Dam is located in the Keonjhar district of Odisha. It was built in 1977 and has a height of 24 meters and a length of 450 meters. The dam is mainly used for irrigation purposes.

Historical Significance and Cultural Heritage

The River holds immense historical significance and is deeply interwoven with the cultural heritage of Odisha. The river has witnessed the rise and fall of several ancient civilizations, and its banks have been home to many historical sites, temples, and monuments. It played a crucial role in trade and commerce during ancient times and continues to be an integral part of the state’s cultural identity.

Importance of Brahmani River in Agriculture

The fertile plains surrounding the Brahmani River make it an essential source of irrigation for agriculture. The river’s water is utilized for growing a variety of crops, including rice, pulses, sugarcane, and more. The agricultural practices supported by the river contribute significantly to Odisha’s food production and economy.

Industrial Significance and Economic Impact

Apart from agriculture, the River also holds great industrial significance. The river basin hosts several industries, including steel plants, power generation units, and mining operations. These industries not only contribute to the state’s economy but also provide employment opportunities for the local population.

Challenges to the River’s Ecosystem

Despite its importance, the River faces numerous challenges, including pollution, deforestation, and encroachment along its banks. Industrial waste and untreated sewage are major contributors to water pollution, affecting both the river’s ecosystem and the health of people dependent on it.

Conservation Efforts and Environmental Initiatives

To protect and preserve the River’s ecological balance, several conservation efforts and environmental initiatives have been undertaken. Government agencies, NGOs, and local communities are actively working together to clean the river, restore its natural flow, and promote sustainable practices.

Wildlife and Biodiversity Along Brahmani River

The River and its adjoining areas are rich in biodiversity. The river provides a habitat for various species of fish, amphibians, and aquatic plants. The surrounding forests are home to numerous wildlife species, including elephants, tigers, and several bird species, making it a haven for nature enthusiasts and wildlife photographers.

Recreational and Tourist Attractions

The scenic beauty and cultural heritage of the River attracts tourists from far and wide. Several spots along the river, such as Satkosia Gorge, provide opportunities for boating, bird-watching, and experiencing the tranquility of nature.

Supporting Local Livelihoods

The river plays a significant role in supporting the livelihoods of the local communities living along its banks. Fishing, agriculture, and tourism-related activities are crucial sources of income for these communities.

The Future of Brahmani River

The future of the River depends on collective efforts to address its challenges and conserve its ecosystem. Sustainable development, pollution control, and responsible industrial practices are crucial for ensuring the river’s well-being for generations to come.